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This DavisMAX Bundle Includes:
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1- NiMH AAA Rechargeable Batteries and Rapid Charger
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Comforting and adorable, the Twilight Turtle nightlight projects a complete starry night sky onto the walls and ceiling of any room, making night-time less scary and more fun. Choose from three soothing color options to create a magical, tranquil environment that helps children from age three and up to ease into restful sleep. Simply pressing the button on the turtle's shell ignites the stars and keeps them glowing for a full 45 minutes--just enough time for most children to drift into sleep. At this point, the Twilight Turtle automatically shuts off to preserve battery life. Another push of the button reactivates the projection. In addition, the easy selection of the three soothing color choices allows your child not only to learn to identify different colors, but also to truly experience them as well. Amber radiates warmth and peace; green creates a healing and renewing atmosphere; and blue helps calm the senses. The soft, illuminating glow the Twilight Turtle emits also serves as a nightlight that makes the darkness less frightening. A great gift for children who are afraid of the dark, or even adults who have trouble falling asleep, the Twilight Turtle runs on three "AAA" batteries (included). It also comes with a certification of adoption, and measures a compact 14.0 x 5.0 inches (WxH), so it's easy to display and store.
Supplied Accessories:Twilight Turtle, Constellation Guide, adoption certificate and three alkaline "AAA" batteries.
Chapter Six
The Ice Sheet
Moreover, everyone seemed to have their place: some were designated as hunters, others as fisher-people, and still others, such as the women would clean up the campsites, caves they'd live in and so forth and so on; and there was those who carried wood and looked for wood; and still others who made the fire and of course the protector, Big-chest--who along with being the leader and giving orders did an assortment of things, in reality, a little bit of everything. They even had some sacred signs, a starting of a language and spoken words that they all understood; all signs of a civilization in the makings, a culture if you will in the process: a background for a new nation one might add
--in addition, Big-chest often went against the current of the group, but on the other hand, won their respect. In essence what Big-chest was doing, was new to him--that being, dealing with emotions, and thinking along with being a responsible leader, and not knowing the difference before--in any of these categories, and having just learned it recently: the difference between thinking and feeling, or thinking vs. emotions, he now was squeezing refractory-emotions into what one might call--longer and slightly wider, channels: so you see, he was now feeling them, and slightly reacting to them. And so during his leadership--should we say--the learning process, he was equated to being, or having a double-edge to his personality (which in itself was healthier than being only one edged, and having it be all of terror): but what I was about to say is: being double-edged made him a strict leader, as he was a disciplined survivor and hunter of men, by nature: thus, it served the purpose of the group at this vital time. Had he been the way he was in the Valley of the Caves, no one would have survived; in a like manner, had he turned out to be, too soft for this journey, no one would have survived either. And so it was, in all respects, and I repeat myself: his temperament was rooted in the right soil at the right time, for the right people, on such a long, very long journey.
[Eskimos] Little Bird-turtle was 4'11," with dark black hair and dark brown eye, similar to her sister, who was also a bit taller and prettier; and the men were of a short size also, as I previously mentioned; all officially part of the Eskimo group. It also should be noted: it was not uncommon to have most of the tribe's children being: half-brothers and half-sisters--and if a women chose not to be bear children, she was either cursed, or begged to bear them, or considered as Little-bird was: of a sacred mission.
As they drifted slowly across the Atlantic, every so often one could hear the tail, the underwater tail of the ice-sheet rubbing against other objects; the ice-sheet was hitting land--scratching and scraping it sounded like: horrible, frightening, akin to twisting the ice-sheet about at times; where it was thicker it made more noise as if pieces of the extending ice under the water was being broken off--and the ice-sheet was getting thinner. (It would seem the closer they got to the west, to the pole in the Hudson Bay, the warmer it got.) Soon the square mile of the ice-sheet, was half its size, and the seals and walrus's that migrated onto the ice-sheet as it drifted, had now gone, for they could be seen with the blink of an eye--and evidently that was too hazardous for them, especially with Toma and Tundra around with their harpoon like spears. And if they did come upon the ice [the walrus' that is] it was for only a moment and then dived back into the cool waters--escaping the deadly arms of the Eskimos. And so during this time, hunting for food got slim at best.
One of the things during this time was Toma's wildness in the catching of turtles; he must have captured a dozen in a week, and brought them to the three igloos and shared them with all on the floating ice-sheet. This substituted for some of the loss of protean and nourishment they were receiving from previous hunting activities.
Toma cutting up a Turtle
Big-chest and the White Polar Bear
It was going on their 24th month since they left the Valley of the Caves, and now Big-chest's little girl was running around [End of winter], and one could see land way off in the distance; possibly this was the land that kept hitting the ice sheet (a gradation to its surface), so thought many in the Assemblage [now the group being called the Assemblage, a name of their own, one all could pronounce], but whatever it was: for the most part, it seemed to be somewhat of a land bridge to the north of this huge iceberg they were on, and a great white bear found himself on it also. As Single-tooth squeaked his danger sounds, all were alerted, especially, Big-chest.
The group stood by the igloos, the king, King Big-chest stood in front of them, and the bear crawled closer and closer to the igloos.
Said, Tundra:
"No, you can't fight him; I will kill him with my spear..." But Big-chest couldn't, or didn't want to understand the full of it, and even though he looked at Tundra's long and piercing spear, he shook his head, not believing it would do the trick. The bear was too big for him, Tundra thought. When the bear got within a few feet of Big-chest, he stood up, and he must had been all of thirteen-feet high, Bigger than Big-chest, whom was over eight feet, possibly eight and a half, but far from thirteen-feet: and in his old age, he had lost at least a foot off his back arch.
Big-chest started beating his chest, and the bear started growling, both now walking in a circle, as Tundra and Jaguar-eyes both got their weapons ready; Jaguar-eyes had a flanked-stone long knife, Toma a bow and arrow, Tundra a spear, long with a Clovis fluted point; Stern-toes a club, and the women had long tusks from the walrus. Then Tundra told the group to circle the bear, as no one could tell Big-chest what to do, he figured it better he take command on the perimeter, while Big-chest does what he wants to do in the inner circle. Next the bear took a sweep with his hand, his giant paw: at Big-chest--and Big-chest stopped it. All were surprised, even the bear, as the bear stopped a moment to refigure out his plan; thus, he tired it again, but Big-chest again stopped his paw from slapping him yet he got scratched from his long claws: which were in, in itself painful. The bear threw out his paw again, and with Big-chest's large mouth, he bit the bear's paw, it was similar to a knife cutting through ice, you could hear the bones crack--Big-chest's jaws were akin to a bulldogs. After that, the bear became frustrated, stood up to show his height, and fell right on top of Big-chest, but as he was falling Big-chest grabbed him by the sides of his belly, holding him up and off a tinge, and threw him to the side, but the bear was too powerful, he just got back up--a little shaken, but not hurt, and Big-chest was getting tired, he was not the unbeatable young buck he was decades earlier (as he may have thought he was).
Toma shot two arrows into the bear, but it didn't stop him, and Tundra took the spear and shoved it into his spine, and Stern-toes clubbed him over the head several times, then Big-chest beat his chest for everyone to stop, and he jumped on the bear beating him and beating him with his powerful hands: all could hear the ribs of the bear crack, his spine now was disengaged, and his neck broken. Aw yes, likened to a bull, the bear was weakened, and Big-chest did the rest, but it was Big-chest nonetheless who legend would record, stood up single-handedly against the bear.
Tundra the Hunter of the Arctic
As Big-chest got up, he found he had a hard time balancing his body--in addition, he lost all logic of direction for a moment, and even his thoughts were stagnate. He had never been tired like this before and was a bit dizzy, along with being a tinge embarrassed because he needed help. But all in the group jumped up and down with joy, calling him: "Big-chest, the king, and the mighty one," he of course enjoyed the celebration and adulation, but he knew after this day, he knew he was not as mightily as the skilled hunter, and he needed them, as he hoped they remain needing him.
The Dance
That evening the whole group got together and held hands dancing around one of the igloos. It wasn't resembling the dance the People of the Fire used to dance, thought Jaguar-eyes, where his father would try to excite everyone in the tribe, get their blood hot, and then kill a few boys or women for a sacrifice, eat them, and then dance all night until they got exhausted, as they chewed on local-weed which grew nearby.
This was started by Little Bird-turtle, along with some humming which was added to the dance, and holding of hands, which seemed to calm all down, even old Big-chest; for still he was trembling inside, yes again he knew these were signs of old age, that the new people around him, the young ones, it was their time, and he was on his way out. His eyes slightly down a bit, kind of ashamed he needed help, but it was something he'd now have to get adjusted too, to get used too: it was reality. He was in a different world now, and a new time period for the world at large, an epoch had started, and he was part of making this new and different world-epoch, this era what it would be 10,000-years beyond his life time, and he knew: that is, kind of knew, how his leadership was, it would have to be a sample of how it would be for all after he was gone, and he did for some reason want to leave a legacy, or at best, a new group of people with hope for their future, something taken away from him by the Stone-Builders: for spite if anything, the Stone-People for killing off the whole world that did not see eye-to-eye with them--this new mixed group would be a new breed that someday would have to confront possibly, them again. And he was not king for nothing, he told himself, he was king because it was fate, it was meant to be, and he was the best one for it (he did have a rich ego you know).
Along with watching the stars in the sky, and the beautiful colors of the Northern Lights, they, this group learned now how to hum and dance, and laugh, it was breathtaking when one added this to the beautiful night, as if a ray came right out of heaven with its rainbow of mystic colors to sweep over this one and only drifting ice sheet in the Atlantic--this night was a night to remember, a night of celebration. Pekingg-girl stood silently looking at Big-chest daydreaming as the twilight darkened:
Pekingg-girl Daydreaming
Pekingg-girl in her own way loved Big-chest, for deep in her loin's stirred desire--her breath stopped the first time they had made love: she felt sensations in her stomach as well, when he touched her. She lay naked--with her youthful wishes; Big-chest saw this and sniffed the air often, gazing at her, drawing close to her, she'd touch his thigh, not knowing how at first, but somehow learning quickly: instinctive if you will. With her touch and kisses were important, she held him captive and he held nothing back.
Now she turned her mind to the present, his body got exhausted quickly, his life force was spent for the most part, his knees trembled at times, and his arms limp, yes old age was his disarmament--and quickly did it come, she thought. And in the process of all, he was becoming fully human it seemed.
As brave as he was, Big-chest was, he told Pekingg-girl in confidence, "Why should we fear, we are mortal now, like the Stone-People by the Valley of the Caves; and our time is like a flicker of light in the bonfire, then we are gone, dead." Big-chest had now seen a few life times compared to his race--his breed, and many a creature and man died, it was part of the cycle, nothing to fear, only face and go through, and now what he was saying or thinking, was go through and out of perhaps; this never bothered him before, but now it was a reality, not an issue, but a known-observable and thinkable fact (if not most of life being of foolishness and vanity).
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This is a quick guide to different field herping techniques that are quite common and productive for field herpers across the globe. As well as providing a few different techniques for you to employ, I've also added a quick "tips" section that deals with weather conditions, timing, and some different topics that need to be dealt with by most herpers.
Techniques
Flipping: Flipping debris can be extremely effective when looking for herps and is the method that most field herpers employ regularly. Flipping can refer to anything from natural cover like logs and rocks to artificial cover like tin, wood, and trash (that's right, trash!) Snake and other herps love to utilize cover because it gives them the sense of security they need, and it is easy for them to thermoregulate by hiding below it during the hot hours of the day. But, flipping seems to be extremely good during the spring and fall seasons as a rule of thumb. Caution should be taken when flipping because you never know what is going to be under the next log you flip and you don't want your hands to be the first thing to find out. When flipping, remember that as you flip debris you are changing microhabitats and that you should try to put everything back EXACTLY where you found it to keep these vital microhabitats intact.
Bark Ripping: Bark ripping is basically a way of searching for milk snakes and other small terrestrial animals that love to squeeze between the trunk and bark of downed trees. You do exactly what it sounds like, taking a potato rake or snake hook and ripping the bark away from the tree to reveal what lies beneath. This is not a tactic that I don't employ much because, ethically, I have a problem with it. I feel that caution should be taken when doing this because you have to remember that there is another microhabitat living between the bark and the tree and when you are destroying it, you are destroying that hide for another herp and any microhabitat that may have been thriving before you came along.
Hiking in Habitat: If properly done, this can render a lot of finds in the field. It takes a lot of preparation and research to strategically hike in habitat looking for visual encounters, and finds can be very spaced out with lots of walking and work in between. I personally use this method a lot and have had moderate luck with it by researching what types of habitat my quarry is going to be located in. Most of the habitat you'll want to walk will be where two habitats merge like a tree line; the perimeter of ponds, streams, and lakes; rock outcrops; and sloughs seem to be very productive in my experience. I find it enjoyable just to walk out in nature as well and if you want to hike first and herp second this could very well be the choice for you!
Road Cruising: This is considered the lazy man's herping, and can get very expensive with the current gas prices. Basically you want to try and locate very remotely driven roads that pass through good habitat. Drive slowly because your target is normally small and can be difficult to see. I like to try and keep it around 20mph, but you have to figure out what is the right speed for your eyes to adjust and search effectively. I also like to turn my fog lights (low beams) on because I feel that in my car it lights up the street that much better. Generally the best times to road cruise are in the spring and fall, right at dusk/twilight. Road cruising also seems to produce more finds in the southern US than other places due to the extreme temperatures during the day and the considerably cool nights during the spring and fall. If you are wanting to road cruise for amphibians, going during or after light rains is perfect and has produced a lot of finds for me in the past. I would suggest giving road cruising a try, as it deserves a very proficient place in field herping, but if you really want to experience herps in their natural environment then this probably isn't the method for you.
Dip Netting: Dip netting is a technique that is specifically used for finding amphibians that reside in shallow water. You take a net on a pole and basically walk the shore line and skim the shallow water for herps. I don't do this much as I don't like to carry the net out with me, but it is one of the most efficient ways of finding many different species of salamanders and definitely deserves a place in the field herping methods. There are many people who are very skilled with this method, and it takes time and practice to truly learn how to dip net efficiently. The one note I'd like to add is that care should be taken to check the net often as you can catch a herp quickly and drown it by dragging it through the water for a long period of time.
Funnel Traps: Funnel traps are a good survey tool for various herps, but are generally used for snakes more than anything. Normally these traps can only be used on private land unless a permit is obtained for surveying purposes on public land. A funnel trap is constructed of a wooden box with hole on each side. The top should also have a hinged lid of some sort so that the trapped animals can be retrieved safely and easily. Then a ¼ to ½ inch chicken wire is normally used to make a funnel that the snake can pass into, but can't get back out of is created at the four holes that you created on each side of the trap. From that you should be as much black, tarp fencing as you can and make equally long strings of it out from the traps so that animals that run into the fence have the option of going around the fence, or directly towards the trap. These traps should be checked often as the snakes can get cooked in the sun, dehydrate, or eat one another if they are there for too long. Many people like to make sure the trap is shaded and they'll put water containers into the traps to try and reduce the fatal importance the problems present. I have not used funnel traps, but if you're trying to conduct a survey of an area or find a targeted species this is a great way to approach it.
Tips
Time of Day: The time of day that you go out looking for herps can be very important and, many times, will determine whether or not you have a successful day. If 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. are your favorite times of the day then you may very well be cut out for field herping. During the early morning when temperatures are just starting to rise and at twilight when the sun is setting is when most herps are actively searching out food and their next hide, so this is the time to find them. During the summer, the only times that will most likely be suitable for herps to be out and about will be during the early evening and into mid-morning because afternoon temperatures would kill them. During spring, however, I have had a lot of luck between 1-5 p.m. on days when the high reaches about 76F. I find lots of snakes basking in the warmth of the sun, and this seems to be the perfect temperature to find many diurnal snakes during the months of March and April. Road cruising is normally best at dusk, and when twilight hits I normally like to be at the road that I plan to cruise that night. So, important times to remember are morning and twilight if you want to have the best luck finding herps.
Time of Year: The best times of the year for field herping seems to take place during the spring and fall months when the rains are more frequent and they daytime highs are not at an extreme. I have found most of my herps during the months of March, April, May, June, September, October, and November. During the early spring and late fall months are when flipping natural cover and road cruising tend to produce the most herps for myself, and habitat hikes produce a lot of finds for me during these times too. Artificial cover tends to produce a lot of finds during all of these months as they are normally better heat conductors or insulators than natural cover and provide better cover when temps begin to rise or drop to more extreme levels. During the late spring and early fall months the technique that has worked best for me has tended to be habitat hiking later in the evening with lamps because many herp species are very active at this time and you'll see a lot more of them crossing your path than you would imagine. As a final note, it is obvious that in extreme cold and heat snakes and other herps cannot survive very well outside and field herping is very difficult if not impossible during these times. With that said, many people in the South and in California have found herps during the winter months, and I have had luck in the North and Midwest during July and August where the midday temps don't get quite as high.
Wet/Dry: Wet is always going to produce more than dry! That is just a field herping fact. The only time wet will be a detriment to your finds is when the microhabitats under natural or artificial cover are flooded or overly damp. Most species will not thrive in these conditions, but some amphibians find this perfect. But, if it is considerably or extremely dry outside, you'll see your field herp finds drop off quickly. Most species will go into a state of "hibernation" during this time to conserve as much water as possible and survive the period of drought. During these times your best bet is to only check places in close proximity to a water source, or to wait until a rain comes because the herps will come out in full force. This is another reason why spring and fall are the best times of year because most precipitation comes during these months and the herps will be out and moving. Road herping can be phenomenal for finding herps after a good evening rain, and if you don't need to get up early I would suggest hopping in the car and taking a drive if one of these light showers occurs because it will most likely pay off.
Moon Phase: Some field herpers swear by moon phase and wind speeds, but I haven't seen much evidence that supports this case. It is documented that nocturnal species are not going to be very active during new moons or full moons because there is more light and thus, less cover for them to move under. I have seen some evidence that wind does have a factor however when it comes to road cruising because herps tend to avoid open spaces during winds over 10-15mph. I've still found plenty of herps in habitat during these winds, but road crossing during these gusts is almost null and I would suggest refraining from using this method and stick to places where gusts are blocked by trees and other natural barriers.
Where do I go?: The question I find most beginning field herpers ask is, "Where do I go to find herps?" Here is the best answer I can suffice, and this is how I went about getting into field herping and targeting certain species. The best way to find herp habitat is to contact people and do as much research as you can. Good places to start are field guides for your area and to contact people on various forums. There are many forums specifically dedicated to field herping, and most people are more than willing to share information with you for the area you're in. Another great place to start is by contacting your local Parks & Wildlife department or Natural Conservation Museum. The receptionist may not be able to provide information, but normally somebody on staff is familiar with the local herps and more than willing to help out a novice herper in search of information. Public lands are normally easy to find (i.e. parks) but you need to make sure that herping is legal in these areas, and if you are planning to collect you need to make sure that it is legal or you have the permits necessary to collect native species. If you talk to these people enough and get into their circle, many times you can end up being asked to accompany herp surveys and help out if you are known to provide good records and ethical standards. Another great resource for scouting good herp habitat is Google Earth. This gives you an amazing topographical map that will tell you elevations and show you landmarks of interest that can really improve your field herping experiences. If you've contacted these places and are still having trouble you are always more than welcome to email me with inquiries and I'll be more than happy to help you get started in the field in your area. My contact is pcruddock@ruddockreptiles.com.
Selecting Habitat: Selecting habitat can be made very simple with a little research on your target species and some time in Google Earth. I like to find habitat that has multiple habitats meeting in a close proximity so that I can walk these changes, and I like them to be near a good, constant water source so that I know it's a good "oasis" for herps. Other good habitat tends to be rock outcrops on hills that face south or southwest because of the wind and sun exposure this direction receives tends to be more ideal. I normally herp more forested areas, grassy plains, creek bottoms, sloughs, and water sources more than other habitat and this seems to produce a good amount of targeted herps for my area. You just need to pinpoint the habitat that best fits your species (i.e. sandy or loose soil for pituophis and other fossorial species or woodlands and marshes for Agkistrodon) and look at maps for areas that you can access legally and fit these characteristics in your area. Remember, just because you didn't find a herp the first time you try a spot doesn't necessarily mean its bad habitat so check back from time to time and see if your initial feeling and research was correct.
Acquiring Hunting Property: Private property can be VERY useful for field herping and if approached correctly it can be easily acquired. NEVER GO ON PRIVATE PROPERTY WITHOUT PERMISSION!!! This can lead to serious confrontations that could end up with an angry farmer shooting at your, a ride in the back of a cop car, or worse if you're unlucky. I grew up hunting in Iowa, and after watching people approach landowners for so long, I can assure you that it is very simple. Always approach landowners with courtesy and respect, and make sure that you state what you are requesting and what your intentions are with your found quarry. Most landowners will have no problem with what you are doing, and the more personable you approach the situation, the better the relationship is going to be. With a little conversation and possibly a cold drink, you can normally get a landowner to allow you on the land whenever you would like. A great thing about acquiring private property is if the owner allows you to, you can begin setting up your own "tin fields" which are just fields created out of roofing tin or sheets of plywood arranged strategically to provide good shelter for herps, thus better results for you. Once again, make sure that the owner is okay with you laying down tin in a certain area before you actually go about creating the field and getting yourself in trouble and possible kicked off the property for good.
Creating Artificial Cover: Artificial cover can be some of the most effective herping sites you can possibly make if they are constructed correctly. A good material to use is roofing tin because it is a good conductor of heat and it has a decent heftiness to it. Weight of the material is very important because herps like to be under something that is solid and secure and a light piece of balsa or a really thin sheet of metal doesn't provide the type of cover they seek out most. When it comes to placing the material in the field, I like to find spots where two habitats collide and place artificial cover in these areas because most herps tend to be at these intersections. I also like to place cover so that some pieces are in the shade and some pieces are exposed to the sun so that the herps can thermoregulate between the different pieces. Another good way to provide artificial cover at different thermal gradients is by piling the cover at different levels so that the gradient is from the top to the bottom. Just make sure that when you search through this cover that you put the pile back just as it was to avoid disturbing microhabitats. After you have chosen a spot and placed your cover, it is best to wait a couple of months before the cover really start producing good finds. This allows the microhabitats to form under the cover, and a "moisture seal" is created between the ground and the cover that is desirable for herps. For this reason, you want to try and create several different tin fields so that you don't over-herp a certain area and ruin the moisture seal that needs to develop. Over-herping can also create too many disturbances and animals will recognize when an area does not sustain the security they desire. This is only a brief introduction into creating tin fields and setting up your own AC is entirely up to you and what you are targeting with the cover. Locate some good habitat and try to set up some fields that will provide you with herps in years to come. Have some fun this season, and safe herping!
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